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    October 19

    專欄稿:偉哉成均(一)

    《东方日报·海东见闻录·362009923

     

    成均馆(一)

     

     

    ·萧悦宁

     (寄自韩国汉城)

     

     

    这个专栏见报以来已将近四年,但回想起来我却似乎从未在此详细地介绍过自己就读的学校。趁后天(925日)校庆及下周孔子诞辰来临之际,谨借此栏位向国内读者好好地介绍一下我的学校——成均馆大学。

     

     

    孔子诞辰在这里称为“孔夫子诞降日”(Gongbuja Than-gang-il),其地位与校庆同等重要。这一天除了要在大成殿举行隆重的释奠大祭(祭孔仪式),全校还得休假一日,以庆祝至圣先师的诞辰。在亚洲地区,如此重视孔子诞辰的大学恐怕不多,而这种传统与成均馆大学的历史背景不无关系。

     

     

    成均馆(Sungkyunkwan)原为高丽王朝时的最高学府,历史上曾有过“国学”、“国子监”等名称,后来改名“成均馆”,并为后代的朝鲜王朝所沿用。朝鲜王朝建国后定都汉阳,在崇教坊一带建立了新的成均馆,内设文庙(供奉孔子及中韩两国儒家圣贤)、明伦堂(讲堂)、尊经阁(图书馆)及东、西斋(儒生宿舍)等。今天,朝鲜半岛上共有两座成均馆:一座在朝鲜境内黄海北道开城市,为高丽成均馆;另一座则在韩国首都汉城,为朝鲜王朝时所建。

     

     

    1895年后,成均馆逐渐演变为现代的综合大学,成为今天的成均馆大学。大学校园内矗立着一座“六百周年纪念馆”,这是因为校方把历史上溯到1398年朝鲜成均馆成立的日期,并把当时的成均馆最高负责人“大司成”全都列入“历代总长”(即校长)名单里,以强调学校历史悠久、“根深底厚”。

     

     

    至于原本的成均馆(位于大学正门旁)则保留为全国儒学教育的最高机构,是韩国儒林的代表,也是全国各地乡校的总部。成均馆内设有儒林会馆,下面有一座“进士食堂”,并设有包办传统婚礼的婚纱店。韩国宿儒经常到此讲学论道,儒林会馆内长期讲授四书五经,同时设置汉文典籍翻译、书法、茶道等课程,继续弘扬传统文化。 (一·待续)

     

     

    (作者为韩国政府奖学金留学生)

     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     

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    之星wrote:
    期待你的下回分解~~
    Oct. 20

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